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2019北京高三二?荚囉⒄Z動詞時態(tài)和語態(tài)

2019-04-12 21:56:47  來源:網(wǎng)絡(luò)整理

  2019北京高三二模診斷英語動詞時態(tài)和語態(tài)!時態(tài)和語態(tài)還是有很多考點,大家在診斷之前還是要好好復(fù)習(xí)的,不僅僅要學(xué)習(xí)課堂上老師講的,還要買點課外書自己學(xué)習(xí),下面看看小編為大家準(zhǔn)備較新的2019北京高三二模診斷英語動詞時態(tài)和語態(tài)內(nèi)容,希望對大家的進(jìn)步有所幫助。

 

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  2019北京高三二模診斷英語動詞時態(tài)和語態(tài)(一)


  一般現(xiàn)在時


  (1)可表示客觀真理、科學(xué)事實。


  The sun rises in the east and sets in the west.


  太陽從東方升起,從西方落下。


  (2)可用在由if,unless引導(dǎo)的條件狀語從句,由even/if/though引導(dǎo)的讓步狀語從句,由when,before,until/till,as soon as,the moment引導(dǎo)的時間狀語從句,由no matter what/who/when/where/how或whatever,whoever等引導(dǎo)的讓步狀語從句中,這時主句往往表將來或主句是祈使句。


  I’ll go with you as soon as I finish it.


  我一做完,就與你一同去。


  Whatever you say,I will not change my mind.


  無論你說什么,我都不會改變主意。


  一般過去時


  表示“剛才,在過去”之意,暗示現(xiàn)在已“不再這樣”。


  —Your phone number again?I didn’t quite catch it.


  ——再重述一下你的電話號碼好嗎?我沒記下來。


  —It’s 9568686.


  ——是9568686。


  一般將來時


  (1)“will+動詞原形”表示事物的固有屬性與必然趨勢。


  Fish will die without water.離開水,魚就會死。


  (2)“be going to+動詞原形”可表示根據(jù)跡象對未來進(jìn)行推斷。


  Look at the dark clouds.It is going to rain.


  看那烏云,要下雨了。


  (3)“be about to+動詞原形”表示立即的將來,很少與時間狀語連用。


  The train is about to start.火車就要開了。


  (4)位移動詞如come,go,arrive等,其一般現(xiàn)在時表按時間表將要發(fā)生的事,現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時可表計劃、安排要做的事。


  I arrive in Beijing at 3∶00 p.m.tomorrow.


  明天下午三點我會到達(dá)北京。


  He is coming.他將要來。


  They are leaving for Tibet.他們將要去西藏。


  (5)be to +動詞原形


 、俦硎居媱,安排。


  When are you to leave for New York?


  你計劃什么時候去紐約?


 、诒硎局噶,相當(dāng)于should。


  You are to report it to the police.


  你應(yīng)該把這事報告給警察。


 、郾硎“打算,想要”。


  If we are to be there before ten,we’ll have to go now.


  若我們想在十點前到,我們現(xiàn)在就得走。


  現(xiàn)在/過去進(jìn)行時


  (1)表示現(xiàn)在或當(dāng)時發(fā)展中的或正在進(jìn)行的情況。


  I first met Lisa three years ago,she was working at a sho p then.


  我先進(jìn)次遇見莉莎是在3年前,那時她正在一家商店工作。


  —Hey,look where you are going!


  ——嘿,看看你往哪兒走!


  —Oh,I’m terribly sorry.I wasn’t noticing.


  ——噢!非常抱歉!我沒注意。


  (2)表示反復(fù)出現(xiàn)的或習(xí)慣性動作,往往含有贊賞、厭惡、遺憾等情感,常與always,continually,constantly連用。


  He is always thinking of others first.(表贊賞)


  他總是先為別人著想。


  He is always making the same mistake. (表厭煩)


  他總是犯同樣的錯誤。


  (3)表示動作的未完性、暫時性。


  I don’t really work here;I am just helping out until the new secretary arrives.我不是在此工作,我只是在幫忙, 新秘書來了我就走。 (暫時性)


  Selecting a mobile phone for personal use is no easy task because technology is changing so rapidly.選手機(jī)供個人使用不是一件容易事因為技術(shù)變化太快。 (“變化”尚未完成)


  (4)表示按計劃、安排要做的事。


  I’ve won a holiday for two days to Florida.I am taking my mum.


  我獲得了一次去佛羅里達(dá)度兩天假的機(jī)會。我計劃帶著我媽媽去。 (計劃)


  (5)表示現(xiàn)在或當(dāng)時發(fā)展中的或正在進(jìn)行的情況。


  —Is this raincoat yours?——這是你的雨衣嗎?


  —No,mine is hanging there behind the door.


  ——不是,我的在門后掛著呢。


  2019北京高三二模診斷英語動詞時態(tài)和語態(tài)(二)


  現(xiàn)在完成時


  (1)在條件、時間、讓步狀語從句中,表示將來某時以前已完成的動作。


  I will not believe you unless I have seen it with my own eyes.


  除非我親眼看到,我是不會相信你的。


  Please don’t get off the bus until it has stopped.


  車未停,請不要下車。


  (2)It/This is/will be the first(last,second,third...)time that...和It/This is the best(worst,most interesting)+n.+that...結(jié)構(gòu)的從句要求用現(xiàn)在完成時。


  This is the first time that I’ve heard her sing.


  這是我先進(jìn)次聽她唱歌。


  It’s the best film I’ve ever seen.


  這是我所看過的較好的一部電影。


  過去完成時


  (1)Hardly/Scarcely/Barely had...done...when;No sooner had...done...than...中從句用一般過去時。


  Hardly had I got home when the rain poured down.


  我剛到家,天就下起了傾盆大雨。


  No sooner had we started than th e car got a flat tyre.


  我們剛出發(fā),輪胎就爆了。


  (2)表示愿望、打算類的詞,如hope,expect,mean,intend,want,think等,用過去完成時表示過去未曾實現(xiàn)的愿望或意圖。


  I had meant to help you,but I was too busy at the moment.


  我本打算幫助你,但當(dāng)時我太忙了。


  現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時


  (1)表示一個從過去某時開始發(fā)生,一直延續(xù)到現(xiàn)在并可能延續(xù)下去的動作。


  I’ve been waiting for an hour but she still hasn’t come.


  我已等了一個小時,但她還沒有來。


  (2)表示動作剛剛結(jié)束 (有時指出結(jié)果)。


  My clothes are wet.I’ve been walking in the rain.


  我的衣服濕了,我一直走在雨中。


  (3)表示重復(fù) (指斷斷續(xù)續(xù),而非一直不停)。


  She has been phoning Jim every night for the past two weeks.


  兩個星期以來她每天晚上都給吉姆打電話。


  2019北京高三二模診斷英語動詞時態(tài)和語態(tài)(三)


  1、一般現(xiàn)在時 主要用來表示人、事物的現(xiàn)在狀況和特點;表示經(jīng)常或習(xí)慣性的動作,句子中常有often, always, from time to time 等時間狀語; 表示客觀規(guī)律和永恒真理等。


  He usually goes to work at 7 o’clock every morning.


  She has a brother who lives in New York.


  The earth goes around the sun.


  Guangzhou is situated in the south of China.


  考點一:表示永恒的真理,即使出現(xiàn)在過去的語境中,仍用一般現(xiàn)在時。如:I learned that the earth goes around the sun when I was in primary school.


  考點二:在時間和條件狀語從句中,代替一般將來時;常用的引導(dǎo)詞有:時間:when, until, after, before, as soon as, once, the moment/the minute, the day; 條件:if, unless, provided.


  If he accepts the job, he will get more money soon.


  考點三:在make sure (certain), see to it, mind, care, matter +賓語從句, 從句用一般現(xiàn)在時代替一般將來時。


  So long as he works hard, I don’t mind when he finishes the experiment.


  只要他努力工作, 我不介意他什么時候做完試驗。


  考點四:在the more… the more … (越……越……) 句型中, 若主句是一般將來時, 從句通常用一般現(xiàn)在時。


  The harder you study, the better results you will get.


  2、現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時


  表說話時或目前一段時間內(nèi)正在進(jìn)行的活動:或表感情色彩,加強(qiáng)語氣。與頻率副詞,如always,constantly,continually,again等連用表示說話人的某種感情色彩(贊嘆、厭煩、埋怨等)。


  We are having English class.


  The house is being built these days.


  The little boy is always making trouble.


  考點一:在時間狀語或條件狀語從句中表示將來正在進(jìn)行的動作!ook out when you are crossing the street.


  Don't wake him up if he is still sleeping at 7 tomorrow morning.


  考點二: 表示在較近按計劃或安排要進(jìn)行的動作(這時多有表示將來的時間狀語)。


  Marry is leaving on Friday.


  3、現(xiàn)在完成時


  表示動作發(fā)生在過去,完成在過去,但強(qiáng)調(diào)與現(xiàn)在情況仍有聯(lián)系,其結(jié)果或影響仍存在,F(xiàn)在完成時有一些標(biāo)志性的時間狀語:


  考點一:for + 時間段;since + 時間點


  They have lived in Beijing for five years.


  They have lived in Beijing since 1995.


  I have learned English for ten years.


  考點二:常見的不確定的時間狀語:lately; recently, just, already, yet, up to now; till now; so far, these days,


  Has it stopped raining yet ?


  考點三:在表示“較近幾世紀(jì)/ 年/ 月以來……”時間狀語中,謂語動詞用現(xiàn)在完成時。


  in the past few years/months/weeks/days;over the past few years; during the last three months; for the last few centuries, through centuries; throughout history 等


  考點四:表示“第幾次做某事,”或在 “It is the best (worst, most interesting ) +名詞 +that” 后面跟現(xiàn)在完成時。


  This is my first time that I have visited China.


  This is the most interesting film I have ever seen.


  That is the only book that he has written.


  4.一般過去時


  表在過去某個特定時間發(fā)生且完成的動作,或過去習(xí)慣性動作,不強(qiáng)調(diào)對現(xiàn)在的影響,只說明過去。常跟明確的過去時間連用,如:yesterday; last week; in 1945, at that time; once; during the war; before; a few days ago; when, 注意:


  考點一:used to + do,表示過去經(jīng)常但現(xiàn)在已不再維持的習(xí)慣動作。to為不定式,后接動詞原形。


  be/become/get used to + doing,表示習(xí)慣于


  He used to smoke a lot.


  He has got used to getting up early.


  考點二:在時間和條件狀語從句中,代替過去將來時。


  He promised to buy me a computer if he got a raise


  5. 過去進(jìn)行時


  表示過去某個時間點或某段時間內(nèi)正在發(fā)生的動作。


  The boy was doing his homework when his father came back from work.


  He was taking a walk leisurely by the lake when he heard someone shouted for help.


  What were you doing at nine last night?


  The radio was being repaired when you called me.


  6. 過去完成時


  表示過去某個時間之前已經(jīng)完成的動作,即過去完成時的動作發(fā)生在“過去的過去”,句中有明顯的參照動作或時間狀語,這種時態(tài)從來不孤立使用 ( before, after, by, up till )


  There had been 25 parks in our city up till 2000.


  By the end of last term we had finished the book.


  They finished earlier than we had expected.


  考點一:用于hardly/scarcely...when; no sooner ...than 句型中,主句用過去完成時,從句用一般過去時。


  I had hardly finished my work when he came to see me.


  I had no sooner got into the room than it began to snow.


  No sooner had I arrived home than the telephone rang. (注意主謂倒裝)


  考點二:表示“第幾次做某事”,主句用過去時,從句用過去完成時。


  That was the second time that she had seen her grandfather.


  It was 3 years since we had parted。


  考點三:動詞hope, expect, think, intend, mean, want, suppose, plan 用過去完成時,表示未實現(xiàn)的愿望、打算和意圖。


  I had hoped that I could do the job.


  I had intended to see you but I was too busy.


  7. 一般將來時


  表在將來某個時間會發(fā)生的動作或情況。常和tomorrow, next year, in 2008等表示將來的時間狀語連用,其表現(xiàn)形式多達(dá)5種。Beijing will host the 29th Olympic Games in 2008.


  考點一:一般將來時總是用在一些時間狀語從句或條件狀語從句的主句中:We will begin our class as soon as the teacher comes.


  (主句用一般將來時,從句中一定要用一般現(xiàn)在時替代一般將來時。)


  考點二:某些表示短暫性動作的動詞如arrive, come, go, leave, start等,用現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時形式表示將來。


  I am leaving for Beijing tomorrow.


  考點三:“祈使句 + and/or + 句子”,這種結(jié)構(gòu)中and后面的句子謂語用一般將來時。Use your head and you will find a way.


  考點四:“am (is, are) going to + 動詞原形”表示打算要做的事或可能要發(fā)生的事。


  “am (is, are) about to +動詞原形”表示按照預(yù)定計劃或打算準(zhǔn)備著手進(jìn)行的動作。


  “am (is, are) to + 動詞原形”表示必須、必然或計劃將要做的事。They are to be married in this May.


  8、將來進(jìn)行時


  表將來某個時間正在發(fā)生的動作,或按計劃一定會發(fā)生的事情。


  I’ll be doing my homework this time tomorrow. 明天這會我正在寫功課。


  The President will be meeting the foreign delegation at the airport.


  9、將來完成時


  表在將來某時刻之前業(yè)已完成的事情,時間狀語非常明顯。


  考點一:常用的時間狀語一般用by+將來的時間。如:by the end of this year, by 8 o’clock this evening, by March next year以及由by the time…, before或when等引導(dǎo)的副詞從句。


  By the end of next month, he will have traveled 1000 miles on foot.


  By the time you reach the station, the train will have left.


  By next Tuesday, I will have got ready for the exams.


  考點二:在時間和條件狀語從句中,將來完成時則由現(xiàn)在完成時表示。


  The children will do their homework the moment they have arrived back from school.


  10. 動詞的語態(tài)


  一般用于強(qiáng)調(diào)受者, 做題時謂語動詞不再有名詞或賓語。動詞的語態(tài)一般不單獨(dú)考,而是和時態(tài)、語氣和非謂語動詞一起考,只是需要注意以下考點。


  考點一:不能用于被動語態(tài)的動詞和詞組


  come true, consist of, take place, happen, become, rise, occur, belong, break out, appear, arrive, die, fall, last, exist, fail, succeed


  It took place before liberation.


  考點二:下列動詞的主動語態(tài)表示被動意義, 而且常與well, quite, easily, badly等副詞連用。


  lock ( 鎖 ) ; wash ( 洗 ); sell ( 賣 ); read ( 讀 ); wear ( 穿 ); blame (責(zé)備);ride (乘坐); write ( 寫 );


  Glass breaks easily. 玻璃容易破碎。


  The car rides smoothly. 這車走起來很穩(wěn)。


  The case locks easily. 這箱子很好鎖。


  The book sells well. 這本書很暢銷。

 

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