2019年北京高三一模英語狀語從句練習

2019-03-06 23:11:56 　來源：網絡整理

　　2019年北京高三一模英語狀語從句訓練！狀語從句 （Adverbial Clause） 狀語從句指句子用作狀語時，起副詞作用的句子。它可以修飾 謂語、 非謂語動詞、定語、狀語或整個句子。下面是2019年北京高三一模英語狀語從句訓練!同學們，加油�。�

 

 

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　　2019年北京高三一模英語狀語從句訓練(一)

　　以if從句為代表的狀語從句中的特殊省略用法:通常省略了it is,that is,there is/are。

　　定語從句中的省略用法

　　關系詞的省略 關系代詞that,which,whom等在限制性定語從句中充當賓語且不位于介詞之后時,可以省略;in which或that在先行詞way后作方式狀語從句時可省略。

　　虛擬語氣中if及should的省略

　　1、 當條件狀語從句中有were,had,should等時省略if,把它們提至句首,形成倒裝句。

　　2、 Suggest,insist,order,require等表示建議、要求、命令的動詞后接的名詞性從句中,謂語動詞常用“should+動詞原形”,should可以省略。

　　不定式符號to的省略

　　1、 感官動詞see,hear,feel,watch等和使役動詞have,make,let等后接不定式作賓語時,不定式省略to。

　　2、 在特定語境中為了避免重復,當不定式再次出現時,在want,wish,hope,try,plan,like,love,hate后往往只保留to,而省略后面的動詞。但不定式后有be,have時,也保留be和have

　　2019年北京高三一模英語狀語從句訓練(二)

　　狀語從句指句子用作狀語時，起副詞作用的句子。它可以修飾謂語、非謂語動詞、定語、狀語或整個句子。根據其作用可分為時間、地點、原因、條件、目的、結果、讓步、方式和比較等從句。狀語從句一般由連詞(從屬連詞)引導，也可以由詞組引起。從句位于句首或句中時通常用逗號與主句隔開，位于句尾時可以不用逗號隔開。

　　狀語從句的種類　　用來修飾謂語動詞、其它動詞、定語、狀語或整個句子的從句叫做狀語從句。狀語從句可分為：

　　1.時間狀語從句;(adverbial clause of time)

　　2.地點狀語從句;(adverbial clause of place)

　　3.原因狀語從句;(adverbial clause of cause)

　　4.條件狀語從句;(adverbial clause of condition)

　　5.目的狀語從句;(adverbial clause of purpose)

　　6.讓步狀語從句;(adverbial clause of concession)

　　7.比較狀語從句;(adverbial clause of comparison)

　　8.方式狀語從句;(adverbial clause of manner)

　　9.結果狀語從句。(adverbial clause of result)

　　[編輯本段]狀語從句的時態(tài)特點

　　一般情況下，時間和條件狀語從句的謂語動詞一般用“一般現在時”表示“一般將來時”，用“現在完成時”表示“將來完成時”。例如：

　　I will call you as soon as I arrive in Beijing. 我一到北京就給你打電話。(這是由as soon as引導的時間狀語從句，從句中的謂語動詞arrive是一般現在時，表示一般將來時，決不可用will arrive)

　　As soon as I have finished this work, I will go home. 我一完成此工作，就回家。(從句中的謂語動詞用現在完成時have finished，表示將來完成時,決不可用will have finished)

　　If he comes back, please let me know.如果他回來了，請通知我。(從句中的謂語動詞用comes back,表示一般將來時，決不可用will come back)

　　狀語從句講解和訓練

　　狀語修飾動詞、形容詞、副詞或整個句子。通常由副詞、介詞短語、動詞不定式、分詞和從句等擔當。例如：

　　1. Naturally , our grandparents were pleased to get our phone call . (副詞)

　　2. We worked hard , from sunrise to sunset . (介詞狀短語)

　　3. To help my disabled aunt , I spend an hour working in her house every day . (不定式)

　　4. Seen from a distance , the farmhouse looked deserted . (過去分詞)

　　5. I know how to light a camp fire because I had done it before .(原因狀語從句)

　　狀語的位置比較靈活，可以位于句首、句末或句中。enough用作狀語修飾形容詞和副詞時必須后置。

　　狀語從句主要用來修飾主句或主句的謂語。一般可分為九大類，分別表示時間、地點、原因、目的、結果、條件、讓步、比較和方式。盡管種類較多，但由于狀語從句與漢語結構和用法相似，所以理解和掌握它并不難。狀語從句的關鍵是要掌握引導不同狀語從句的常用連接詞

　　和特殊的連接詞即考點�，F分別列舉如下:

　　1. 時間狀語從句

　　常用引導詞：when, as, while, as soon as, before, after, since , till, until

　　特殊引導詞：the minute, the moment, the second, every time, the day，the instant, immediately , directly, no sooner … than, hardly …when, scarcely … when

　　I didn’t realize how special my mother was until I became an adult.

　　While John was watching TV, his wife was cooking.

　　The children ran away from the orchard(果園) the moment they saw the guard.

　　No sooner had I arrived home than it began to rain.

　　Every time I listen to your advice, I get into trouble.

　　2. 地點狀語從句

　　常用引導詞：where

　　特殊引導詞：wherever, anywhere, everywhere

　　Generally, air will be heavily polluted where there are factories.

　　Wherever you go, you should work hard.

　　3. 原因狀語從句

　　常用引導詞：because, since, as, for

　　特殊引導詞：seeing that, now that, in that, considering that, given that.

　　My friends dislike me because I’m handsome and successful.

　　Now that everybody has come, let’s begin our conference.

　　The higher income tax is harmful in that it may discourage people from trying to earn more.

　　Considering that he is no more than 12 years old, his height of 1.80 m is quite remarkable.

　　4. 目的狀語從句

　　常用引導詞：so that, in order that

　　特殊引導詞：lest, in case, for fear that，in the hope that, for the purpose that, to the end that

　　The boss asked the secretary to hurry up with the letters so that he could sign them.

　　The teacher raised his voice on purpose that the students in the back could hear more clearly.

　　5. 結果狀語從句

　　常用引導詞：so … that, so… that, such … that,

　　特殊引導詞：such that, to the degree that, to the extent that, to such a degree that,

　　He got up so early that he caught the first bus.

　　It’s such a good chance that we must not miss it.

　　To such an degree was he excited that he couldn’t sleep last night.

　　6. 條件狀語從句

　　常用引導詞：if, unless,

　　特殊引導詞：as/so long as, only if, providing/provided that, supposing that, in case that, on condition that

　　We’ll start our project if the president agrees.

　　You will certainly succeed so long as you keep on trying.

　　Provided that there is no opposition, we shall hold the meeting here.

　　7. 讓步狀語從句

　　常用引導詞：though, although, even if, even though

　　特殊引導詞： as(用在讓步狀語從句中必須要倒裝)，while ( 一般用在句首 )，no matter …， in spite of the fact that, while, whatever, whoever, wherever, whenever, however, whichever

　　Much as I respect him, I can’t agree to his proposal.

　　盡管我很尊敬他， 我卻不同意他的建議。

　　The old man always enjoys swimming even though the weather is rough.

　　No matter how hard he tried, she could not change her mind.

　　He won’t listen whatever you may say.

　　8. 比較狀語從句

　　常用引導詞：as(同級比較), than(不同程度的比較)

　　特殊引導詞：the more … the more … ; just as …， so…; A is to B what /as X is to Y; no … more than; not A so much as B

　　She is as bad-tempered as her mother.

　　The house is three times as big as ours.

　　The more you exercise, the healthier you will be.

　　Food is to men what oil is to machine. 食物之于人，猶如油之于機器。

　　9. 方式狀語從句

　　常用引導詞：as, as if, how

　　特殊引導詞：the way

　　When in Rome, do as the Roman do.

　　She behaved as if she were the boss.

　　Sometimes we teach our children the way our parents have taught us.

　　2019年北京高三一模英語狀語從句訓練(三)

　　引導條件狀語從句較常用的連詞是if,由if引導的條件狀語從句表示在某種條件下某事很可能發(fā)生。如:

　　If you ask him, he will help you.如果你請他幫忙,他會幫你的。

　　If you fail in the exam, you will let him down.如果你診斷不及格,你會讓他失望的。

　　另外,if從句還表示不可實現的條件或根本不可能存在的條件,也就是一種虛擬的條件或假設,從句多用一般過去時或過去完成時。如:

　　If I were you, I would invite him to the party.如果我是你,我會邀請他參加聚會。

　　I would have arrived much earlier if I had not been caught in the traffic.如果沒有堵車,我會到的早一點兒。

　　那么,除了if之外,是否還有其他連詞也可以引導條件狀語從句呢?回答是肯定的,不僅有,還有很多。這些詞由于出現的頻率較小,且用法較復雜一些,所以不如if為大家所熟知罷了。下面就這些詞的用法以例句的形式進行一下簡單總結。

　　1. unless conj.除非,若不,除非在……的時候

　　You will fail to arrive there in time unless you start earlier.如果你不早點動身,你就不能及時趕到那兒。

　　Unless it rains, the game will be played.除非下雨,比賽將照常進行。

　　2. on condition(that)...在……條件下,如果

　　on condition (that)...引導的條件從句是主句事件發(fā)生的前提條件或先進條件。

　　I can tell you the truth on condition that you promise to keep a secret.我可以告訴你真相,條件是你答應保守秘密。

　　You can go swimming on condition (that) you don't go too far from the river bank.你只有在不遠離河岸的條件下才可以下水游泳。

　　3. supposing conj.如果,假如

　　supposing引導的條件從句表示一種假設條件。

　　Supposing it rains, shall we continue the sports meeting?倘若下雨,我們的運動會還要繼續(xù)舉行嗎?

　　Supposing something should go wrong, what would you do then?假如出了什么問題,你準備怎么對付?

　　4. provided conj.假如,除非,以……為條件

　　provided (that) +從句表示一種假設條件。

　　He will sign the contract provided we offer more favorable terms.如果我們提出更優(yōu)惠的條件,他就會在合同上簽字。

　　He won't be against us in the meeting provided that we ask for his advice in advance.如果我們優(yōu)先征求一下他的意見,他就不會在會上反對我們。

　　從上述例句可以看出if, unless, on condition (that), supposing, provided等詞引導的條件狀語從句,主從句條件關系分明,結構清晰。但有些句子,雖沒有含條件關系的連詞,卻也隱含著條件關系,這些句子常用一些詞,如but for, without等引出一個介詞結構來表示條件,條件常常是虛擬的,或與事實相反的假設。如:

　　but for若非,要不是

　　But for the rain, we should have a pleasant journey.要不是下雨,我們的旅行肯定會很愉快。

　　But for your help,we should not have finished in time.要不是你幫忙,我們肯定不能及時完成任務。

　　地點狀語從句

　　地點狀語從句通常由where, wherever 引導。

　　Where I live there are plenty of trees.

　　我住的地方樹很多。

　　Wherever I am I will be thinking of you.

　　不管我在哪里我都會想到你。

　　19.2 方式狀語從句

　　方式狀語從句通常由as, (just) as…so…, as if, as though引導。

　　1) as, (just) as…so…引導的方式狀語從句通常位于主句后，但在(just) as…so…結構中位于句首，這時as從句帶有比喻的含義，意思是"正如…"，"就像"，多用于正式文體，例如：

　　Always do to the others as you would be done by.

　　你希望人家怎樣待你，你就要怎樣待人。

　　As water is to fish, so air is to man.

　　我們離不開空氣，猶如魚兒離不開水。

　　Just as we sweep our rooms, so we should sweep backward ideas from our minds.

　　正如打掃房屋一樣，我們也要掃除我們頭腦中落后的東西。

　　2) as if, as though

　　兩者的意義和用法相同，引出的狀語從句謂語多用虛擬語氣，表示與事實相反，有時也用陳述語氣，表示所說情況是事實或實現的可能性較大。漢譯常作"仿佛……似的"，"好像……似的"，例如：

　　They completely ignore these facts as if (as though) they never existed.

　　他們完全忽略了這些事實，就仿佛它不存在似的。(與事實相反，謂語用虛擬語氣。)

　　He looks as if (as though) he had been hit by lighting.

　　他那樣子就像被雷擊了似的。(與事實相反，謂語用虛擬語氣。)

　　It looks as if the weather may pick up very soon.

　　看來天氣很快就會好起來。(實現的可能性較大，謂語用陳述語氣。)

　　說明：as if / as though也可以引導一個分詞短語、不定式短語或無動詞短語，例如：

　　He stared at me as if seeing me for first time.

　　他目不轉睛地看著我，就像先進次看見我似的。

　　He cleared his throat as if to say something.

　　他清了清嗓子，像要說什么似的。

　　The waves dashed on the rocks as if in anger.

　　波濤沖擊著巖石，好像很憤怒。

　　19.3 原因狀語從句

　　比較：because, since, as和for

　　1) because語勢較強，用來說明人所不知的原因，回答why提出的問題。當原因是顯而易見的或已為人們所知，就用as或 since。

　　I didn't go, because I was afraid.

　　Since /As the weather is so bad, we have to delay our journey.

　　2) 由because引導的從句如果放在句末，且前面有逗 號，則可以用for來代替。但如果不是說明直接原因，而是多種情況加以推斷，就只能用for。

　　He is absent today, because / for he is ill.

　　He must be ill, for he is absent today.

　　19.4 目的狀語從句

　　表示目的狀語的從句可以由that, so that, in order that, lest, for fear that, in case等詞引導，例如：

　　You must speak louder so that /in order that you can be heard by all.

　　He wrote the name down for fear that(lest) he should forget it.

　　Better take more clothes in case the weather is cold.

　　19.5 結果狀語從句

　　結果狀語從句常由so… that 或 such…that引導，掌握這兩個句型，首先要了解so 和 such與其后的詞的搭配規(guī)律。

　　比較：so和 such

　　其規(guī)律由so與such的不同詞性決定。such 是形容詞，修飾名詞或名詞詞組，so 是副詞，只能修飾形容詞或副詞。 so 還可與表示數量的形容詞many, few, much, little連用，形成固定搭配。

　　so foolish such a fool

　　so nice a flower such a nice flower

　　so many / few flowers such nice flowers

　　so much / little money. such rapid progress

　　so many people such a lot of people

　　( so many 已成固定搭配，a lot of 雖相當于 many，但 a lot of 為名詞性的，只能用such搭配。)

　　so…that與such…that之間的轉換既為 so與such之間的轉換。

　　The boy is so young that he can't go to school.

　　He is such a young boy that he can't go to school

　　19.6 條件狀語從句

　　連接詞主要有 if, unless, as/so long as, on condition that 等。.

　　if 引導的條件句有真實條件句和非真實條件句兩種。非真實條件句已在虛擬語氣中闡述。

　　unless = if not.

　　Let's go out for a walk unless you are too tired.

　　If you are not too tied, let's go out for a walk.

　　典型例題

　　You will be late ___ you leave immediately.

　　A. unless B. until C. if D. or

　　答案A。 句意：除非你立即走，否則你就回遲到的�？赊D化為 If you dong leave immediately, you will be late. B、D句意不對，or表轉折，句子如為 You leave immediately or you will be late.

　　19.7 讓步狀語從句

　　though, although

　　注意： 當有though, although時，后面的從句不能有but，但是 though 和yet可連用

　　Although it's raining, they are still working in the field.

　　雖然在下雨，但他們仍在地里干活。

　　He is very old, but he still works very hard.

　　雖然他很老，但仍然努力地工作。

　　Though the sore be healed, yet a scar may remain.

　　傷口雖愈合，但傷疤留下了。 (諺語)

　　典型例題

　　1) ___she isyoung, she knows quite a lot.

　　A. When B. However C. Although D. Unless

　　答案：C。意為雖然她很年輕，卻知道許多。

　　2) as, though 引導的倒裝句

　　as / though引導的讓步從句必須表語或狀語優(yōu)先(形容詞、副詞、分詞、實義動詞優(yōu)先)。

　　Child as /though he was, he knew what was the right thing to do.

　　= Though he was a small child, he knew what was the right thing to do.

　　注意： a. 句首名詞不能帶任何冠詞。

　　b. 句首是實義動詞，其他助動詞放在主語后。如果實義動詞有賓語和狀語，隨實義動詞一起放在主語之前。

　　Try hard as he will, he never seems able to do the work satisfactorily.

　　= Though he tries hard, he never seems…

　　雖然他盡了努力，但他的工作總做的不盡人意。

　　3) ever if, even though. 即使

　　We'll make a trip even though the weather is bad.

　　4) whether…or- 不管……都

　　Whether you believe it or not, it is true.

　　5) "no matter +疑問詞" 或"疑問詞+后綴ever"

　　No matter what happened, he would not mind.

　　Whatever happened, he would not mind.

　　替換：no matter what = whatever

　　no matter who = whoever

　　no matter when = whenever

　　no matter where = wherever

　　no matter which = whichever

　　no matter how = however

　　注意：no matter 不能引導主語從句和賓語從句。

　　(錯)No matter what you say is of no use now.

　　(對)Whatever you say is of no use now.

　　你現在說什么也沒用了。(Whatever you say是主語從句)

　　(錯)Prisoners have to eat no matter what they're given,

　　(對)Prisoners have to eat whatever they're given. 囚犯們只能給什么吃什么。

　　19.8 比較while, when, as

　　1)as, when 引導短暫性動作的動詞。

　　Just as / Just when / When I stopped my car, a man came up to me.

　　2)當從句的動作發(fā)生于主句動作之前，只能用when 引導這個從句，不可用as 或 while。

　　When you have finished your work, you may have a rest.

　　3)從句表示"隨時間推移"連詞能用as，不用when 或while。

　　As the day went on, the weather got worse.

　　日子一天天過去，天氣越變越壞。

　　19.9 比較until和till

　　此兩個連詞意義相同�？隙ㄐ问奖硎镜囊馑际�"做某事直至某時"，動詞必須是延續(xù)性的。否定形式表達的意思是"直至某時才做某事"。動詞為延續(xù)性或非延續(xù)性都可 以。 正確使用這兩個連詞的關鍵之一就在于判斷句中的動詞該用肯定式還是否定式。

　　肯定句：

　　I slept until midnight. 我一直睡到半夜時醒了。

　　Wait till I call you. 等著我叫你。

　　(在肯定句中可用before代替 Let's get in the wheat before the sun sets.)

　　否定句：

　　She didn't arrive until 6 o'clock.

　　她直到6點才到。

　　Don't get off the bus until it has stopped.

　　公共汽車停穩(wěn)后再下車。

　　I didn't manage to do it until you had explained how. 直到你教我后，我才會做。

　　1)Until可用于句首，而till通常不用于句首。

　　Until you told me, I had heard nothing of what happened.

　　直到你告訴我以前，出了什么事我一點也不知道。

　　2)Until when 疑問句中，until要放在句首。

　　---Until when are you staying? 你呆到什么時候?

　　--- Until next Monday. 呆到下周一。

　　注意：否定句可用另外兩種句式表示。

　　(1)Not until …在句首，主句用倒裝。

　　Not until the early years of the 19th century did man know what heat is.

　　直到19 世紀初，人類才知道熱能是什么。

　　Not until I began to work did I realize how much time I had wasted.

　　直到我開始工作，我才認識到了我已蹉跎了幾多歲月。

　　(2) It is not until… that…

　　19.10 表示"一…就…"的結構

　　hardly/scarcely…when/before, no sooner…than 和as soon as都可以表示"一…就…"的意思，例：

　　I had hardly / scarcely got home when it began to rain.

　　I had no sooner got home than it began to rain.

　　As soon as I got home, it began to rain.

　　注意：如果hardly, scarcely 或no sooner置于句首，句子必須用倒裝結構：

　　Hardly / Scarcely had I got home when it began to rain.

　　No sooner had I got home than it began to rain.

 

 

 

 

 

 

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