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高考英語單選答題技巧+例題解析

2017-06-02 20:40:05  來源:網(wǎng)絡(luò)整理

1、考點(diǎn)分布相對(duì)穩(wěn)定、集中。英語的時(shí)態(tài)、語態(tài)、非謂語動(dòng)詞、名詞、代詞、形容詞、副詞、冠詞、情態(tài)動(dòng)詞出現(xiàn)的頻率較高,尤其要引起重視的是動(dòng)詞、動(dòng)詞補(bǔ)語、各種習(xí)慣表達(dá)法及交際用法。 

 

2、語言基礎(chǔ)知識(shí)的考查不能脫離一定的語境。近年來,高功課重視考查孩子的語言實(shí)踐能力,將單純的語法語言知識(shí)放置于一定的語言環(huán)境,這是近年來高考英語診斷改革的一個(gè)方向,考生在做題的過程中應(yīng)該樹立全局觀、整體觀,不能顧此失彼,只注意語法知識(shí)的正確性而忽略了語境使用中的合理性。 


3、題干設(shè)計(jì)的新穎性。幾乎每年的高功課在題干設(shè)計(jì)上都有所創(chuàng)新,考生在診斷之前應(yīng)該有相應(yīng)的心理準(zhǔn)備。在診斷過程中,遇到新穎的題干不心慌,沉著、冷靜地對(duì)功課加以分析。對(duì)于單項(xiàng)填空題,考生應(yīng)該仔細(xì)分析,積極揣摩相關(guān)人員的意圖。也就是我們常說的做題時(shí)切忌盲目,要找準(zhǔn)考點(diǎn)。這樣,既增加了做題的準(zhǔn)確性,又節(jié)約了時(shí)間。在高考前的后期復(fù)習(xí)中,考生們應(yīng)對(duì)高頻考點(diǎn)進(jìn)行拉網(wǎng)式地認(rèn)真清理,做到知識(shí)條理清楚,哪些點(diǎn)?际裁矗闹杏袛(shù),不打無準(zhǔn)備之仗。 

 

 4、近年來其內(nèi)容愈來愈貼近生活,因此考生除了復(fù)習(xí)考綱所列的詞匯和語法知識(shí),還要注意歸納英漢兩種文化的差異,熟悉所學(xué)的習(xí)慣用法,提高順應(yīng)語境的能力。 


5、要看清楚題干再做題。碰到個(gè)別難題,別花太多時(shí)間。選擇題分?jǐn)?shù)只占10%,建議考生把時(shí)間控制在10分鐘以內(nèi)。

 

通過近幾年對(duì)高考英語試題及得失分的分析,有很多同學(xué)單項(xiàng)填空題正確率還不到一半,這已成為高考拉開距離的題型。根據(jù)大量的抽樣調(diào)查表明,除開英語單詞不認(rèn)識(shí)的(基礎(chǔ)特別差的孩子),許多考生把單項(xiàng)填空題理解為單純的語法考察題,把選項(xiàng)和語境割離開來,被干擾選項(xiàng)迷惑。而事實(shí)上,高考英語的單項(xiàng)選擇題已經(jīng)由傳統(tǒng)的單純考查語法知識(shí)逐漸向英語應(yīng)用的方向發(fā)展,考查的知識(shí)點(diǎn)越來越多,不僅考查語言知識(shí)的記憶與簡(jiǎn)單再現(xiàn),更重要的是考查在不同水平與層次上語言知識(shí)的運(yùn)用。考生應(yīng)該把單項(xiàng)選擇題當(dāng)成一個(gè)小的閱讀理解題,一道題的每個(gè)單詞甚至是標(biāo)點(diǎn)符號(hào)都在提供信息,從理解語境出發(fā)到找到關(guān)鍵詞,再加上語法、句法、固定搭配去找到正確答案。其基本的解題步驟是理解語境---劃關(guān)鍵詞---對(duì)比選項(xiàng)(從語法、句法、固定搭配出發(fā))---解出答案。 


  解題時(shí)也有技巧,高考一些單項(xiàng)選擇題的診斷點(diǎn)本來十分簡(jiǎn)單,但命題者有意把題干復(fù)雜化,改寫為一個(gè)少見或陌生的結(jié)構(gòu)。診斷者可以反其道而行之,把題干還原為自己熟悉的結(jié)構(gòu),如將疑問句改為陳述句,將倒裝句改為陳述句,將被動(dòng)句改為主動(dòng)句,將強(qiáng)調(diào)句型去掉,將難句簡(jiǎn)化或者是將省略句補(bǔ)全。 英語的選擇題注重在“選”上,因此要加強(qiáng)選項(xiàng)對(duì)比。

 

  不知道大家注意沒有,英語試題中,每一個(gè)部分都用黑體字寫了這一行字:從A.B.C.D四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中,選出可以填入空白處的較好選項(xiàng),并在答題卡上將該項(xiàng)涂黑。明確告訴我們要挑選出一個(gè)較好選項(xiàng),而不是做出一個(gè)正確選項(xiàng)。因此在做英語試題時(shí),比較是非常重要的。

 

 那么根據(jù)英語命題的特征和英語答題模式,結(jié)合了幾位英語選擇題獲取助力能力的三位同學(xué)的經(jīng)驗(yàn):雖然高功課型朝著新穎性變化,但是還是跳脫不開考察語言基礎(chǔ):

1、英語語法知識(shí);

2、對(duì)近義詞或習(xí)慣用語的辨析;

3、日常交際用語。

而這三個(gè)方面各有其內(nèi)在規(guī)律,因此只要我們了解了這些規(guī)律,掌握這些規(guī)律,就能逐漸形成答好單項(xiàng)填空題目的解題技巧。高考的孩子要想快又準(zhǔn)地做好單選題,必須具備下列技巧: 


1、題眼法“題眼”是指題干中的關(guān)鍵詞或關(guān)鍵符號(hào),它具有提示信息的作用。一旦抓住了它,就能掌握選擇的依據(jù)。如時(shí)間、地點(diǎn)、關(guān)聯(lián)詞、轉(zhuǎn)折詞等。 

 

2、還原法:把倒裝式、強(qiáng)調(diào)式或疑問式的題干變換為陳述句,再選就容易多了。 


3、歸類法:根據(jù)句意,把選項(xiàng)分組歸類,縮小范圍,提高做題的速度和準(zhǔn)確性。 


4、推理法:根據(jù)前后文,進(jìn)行邏輯推理,在四個(gè)選項(xiàng)都可填入的情況下,要認(rèn)真閱讀全句,仔細(xì)體會(huì)其語境,根據(jù)前后文,進(jìn)行判斷。 


5、排除法:對(duì)于難度較大的題,一時(shí)不知道選哪一個(gè)。這時(shí)要逐個(gè)試填,較后,選取組成較好語境的選項(xiàng)。 

 

一.還原法

題干以省略句,疑問句,被動(dòng)句,倒裝句,強(qiáng)調(diào)句或使用從句等形式,避開考生所熟悉的陳述句結(jié)構(gòu),從而達(dá)到加大難度。

例如:1. To all of you _____ the honor for the success.      (C)

A.belongs to      B.belong to      C.belongs      D.belong

分析:倒裝句,還原后為:The honor for the success belongs to all of you.

2. Time should be made good use of ___our lessons well.   (C)
A. learning   B. learned    C. to learn   D. learns

分析:將題干改寫為主動(dòng)句,則為
We should make good use of time ____our lesson well.

3.——What made her mother so angry?
  ——____the exam.                (B)
 A. Because she did not pass      B. Her not passing

 C. She did not pass            D. Because her not passing

分析;將題干改寫為:____the exam made her mother so angry.

解題決竅:將不熟悉的疑問句,倒裝句,被動(dòng)句,強(qiáng)調(diào)句等還原為熟悉的陳述句;也可將殘缺的部分補(bǔ)出或?qū)⒍嘤嗟牟糠謩h除。

例:1.. It is ____Tom often breaks the school rules ____makes his teacher unsatisfied with him.                (C)

A. what;that     B. that;what   C. that;that      D. which;that

分析:強(qiáng)調(diào)句型的特點(diǎn)是把It is   that去掉句子是完整的,該句可以還原為:_____Tom often breaks the school rules makes his teacher unsatisfied with him. Makes是謂語,前面是主語從句,缺少引導(dǎo)詞that

2. ______ it rain tomorrow,we would have to cancel the football match.     

  A.Were    B. Would    C. Will    D. Should           (D)

分析:這是虛擬條件句,與將來事實(shí)相反,還原為:

If it should rain tomorrow…

3. --- Where do you think ___ he ___ the computer?

  --- Sorry. I have no idea.                                 (B)

 A. has; bought     B. 不填; bought     C. did; buy     D. 不填; buys

分析:該句還原為陳述句語序?yàn)椋?/p>

You think where he___ the computer?

think后接的是賓語從句,因此應(yīng)該是陳述語序

4.    Though he started late, Mr Guo played the piano as well as , if ____, than Mr. Liu.

not better than   B. not better   C. no better than    D. no better     (D)

分析:if條件句是省略的,應(yīng)該還原為:if he did not play better than Mr. Liu

 

二.排除思維定勢(shì)

      利用思維定勢(shì)的影響來設(shè)題,這是較容易讓我們上當(dāng)?shù)念}。因?yàn)槲覀儽秤浟嗽S多語法規(guī)則,詞匯,詞的固定搭配和句子結(jié)構(gòu)等,做題時(shí)只注意這些熟悉的語法規(guī)則,結(jié)構(gòu)和局部固定搭配,往往在沒有完全弄清整個(gè)題干意思是就作出了選擇,結(jié)果當(dāng)然出錯(cuò)。

1.I’m sorry I can’t help _____ the floor of the classroom.

   A. sweeping     B. swept     C. to sweep   D. to sweeping

2.Madame Curie,for _____ life had once been very hard,was successful later.

A.whom   B.which C.whose D.that

3. Do you have any idea of the reason _____ he referred to?

    A.that B.where C.why D.when

4. ----What do think of the plan?

  ---- I feel  ____that we ought to give it up at once.

  A. strongly  B. strong    C. stronger    D. it strong    答案:CAAA

解題決竅:正確理解句意,避免定勢(shì)思維。在學(xué)習(xí)過程中,尤其是復(fù)習(xí)階段,我們應(yīng)就一些常見的、重要的詞、詞組及句型加以反復(fù)訓(xùn)練,以加深印象,以避免思維定勢(shì)的干擾

 

三.克服漢英差異

   英漢在表達(dá)習(xí)慣,思維方式等方面具有很多不同,命題者常利用漢英差異出題。如漢語的“參加”在許多情況下都適用,如參加會(huì)議,參加診斷,參加解放軍等,而在英語中則因不同的賓語用不同的動(dòng)詞,如: take part in the celebration, attend a meeting, join the army, take an exam, join in a discussion      例如:

1.– It’s getting late. I'm afraid I must be going now.

 - OK. ______ .

。粒甌ake it easy     B. Go slowly     C. Stay longer     D. See you

2. The population of China is _____than that of Russia.

 A. much more     B. much larger     C. many more   D. many larger

3. There was once a cruel king _____in the castle.

  A. lived      B. who lives     C. was living     D. living

答案:DBD

解題決竅:留心英漢表達(dá)差異 ,平時(shí)要多讀﹑多比較﹑多歸納。避免Chinglish后,對(duì)比所剩的選項(xiàng),較后得出較好答案

 

四. 注意題干慣性

此種類型的題多以對(duì)話形式出現(xiàn),我們答題往往會(huì)借助原題干的動(dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài)和結(jié)構(gòu)等來判斷選項(xiàng),結(jié)果造成錯(cuò)選。

1. -Alice. you feed the bird today, _____ ?

   -But I fed it yesterday. (1999全國卷)

A. do you      B. will you     C. didn‘t you     D. don't you

2. ----You haven't been to Beijing, have you?

----_____.How I wish to go there!

A. Yes, I have     B. Yes, I haven't    C. No, I have   D. No, I haven't

3.— Has Sam finished his homework today?

 —I have no idea. He  ______  it this morning.(2004全國卷)

A. did  B. has done         C. was doing    D. had done      答案:BDC

解題決竅:分清角色。由于這種試題多出現(xiàn)在對(duì)話題中,答語往往較簡(jiǎn)潔,多有省略,拿不準(zhǔn)時(shí),應(yīng)將答語補(bǔ)充完整。另外要分清問答語氣不同所使用的情態(tài)動(dòng)詞也不同,注意漢英不同習(xí)慣的表達(dá)。

五.區(qū)分形近義近詞

把相似、相近的詞語或結(jié)構(gòu)放在一起作為干擾選項(xiàng),若我們基礎(chǔ)知識(shí)掌握不牢就難于區(qū)分。例如:

1. The films made by Disney ______ all over the world.

     A.a(chǎn)re used to show           B.a(chǎn)re used to showing

     C.used to be shown          D.used to show

2. -Do you think the Stars will beat the Bulls?

  -Yes. They have better players, so I__them to win.

     A. hope   B. prefer    C. expect    D. want

3. I’d like to buy a house—modern ,comfortable ,and  

   _______ in a quiet neighborhood.(2004福建)

     A.in all           B.a(chǎn)bove all     C.a(chǎn)fter all       D.a(chǎn)t all

答案:CCB

解題訣竅:1)明確詞意   所選答案要符合句子意思;

2)歸納比較 平時(shí)要特別重視收集歸納比較同義詞、近義詞和相似詞的異同,牢記它們的用法。

 

六. 弄清語言環(huán)境

命題人在題干中不明確將語言時(shí)間或空間背景標(biāo)示出來,而是比較巧妙地隱含在句子中,稍不注意就會(huì)錯(cuò)選。例如:

1.-Hey, look where you are going?

    -Oh, I'm terribly sorry.___.

A. I‘m not noticing    B. I wasn't noticing   

C. I haven’t noticing     D. I don't noticing

2. Robert is said _____abroad, but I don't know what country he studied in. 

A. to have studied   B. to study   C. to be studying  D. to have been studying

3. Mr. White _____ at 8:30 for the meeting, but he didn’t show up. 

A. should have arrived                B. should arrive

C. should have had arrived       D. should be arriving

答案:BAA

解題訣竅:1)身臨其境,揣摩意圖 特別是對(duì)付考查時(shí)態(tài)的試題更要將自己置身于所提供的背景之中,同時(shí)注意揣摩命題者的意圖;

2) 認(rèn)真分析題干里所隱藏的信息,抓住關(guān)鍵詞的提示,如前后動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)以及那些貌似與題目無關(guān)的信息。

 

七、簡(jiǎn)化法

對(duì)于長句尤其是含從句或并列成份較長的題,要善于抓住句子的主干,剝離出次要的信息,這樣使長句難句簡(jiǎn)單化。先看主句的信息,再加上次要的從句的信息,再長的句子也不難了。

1.As we all know, newspapers, magazines and radios as well as television broadcasts can keep us ____ about what is happening at home and abroad.

A.informing  B.informed   C.to inform   D.being informed

此句的主干是:newspapers等can keep us ____,橫線處缺少補(bǔ)語。us與inform存在被動(dòng)意義,因此選B。D項(xiàng)雖有被動(dòng)意義,但是含正在進(jìn)行的意義,而此句指的是一般行為,故選B

2. Dina, ____for months to find a job as a waitress, finally found a position at a local advertising agency.

A.struggling    B.struggled    C. having struggled     D. to struggle

此句主干為:Dina found a position… found是謂語,且前面沒有and,說明與前面的struggle不是并列謂語,struggle應(yīng)是非謂語動(dòng)詞。因與Dina存在主動(dòng)意義,因此用現(xiàn)在分詞,故選C

3. A number of students ____said they were forced to practice the piano.                                                              

A.to question   B.to be questioned  C.questioned  D. questioning

此句主干為:Students said (that)從句,空處缺修飾students的定語,question與之存在被動(dòng)意義,在B與C間選。因B項(xiàng)表將來被動(dòng),C表完成被動(dòng),故選C  

解題要訣:熟悉英語的五個(gè)基本句型:

主謂;主系表;主謂賓;主謂賓賓;主謂賓補(bǔ)

分析句子成分時(shí)較主要找出謂語動(dòng)詞,則整個(gè)句子結(jié)構(gòu)就會(huì)非常清晰

 

解題注意事項(xiàng)

1.認(rèn)真審題,不許只把題干讀一半,也不要隨便加詞或減詞,助力正確地理解題意。為此建議在心中默讀出聲,讀時(shí)注意意群停頓,以便產(chǎn)生正確的語感。讀選項(xiàng)時(shí)一定要每個(gè)選項(xiàng)都看完,不能在沒把選項(xiàng)看全的情況下盲目得出答案

That is the room ___our family used to sit in the evening.     (A)

   A. in which   B.in where   C. which  D. that

意群停頓: That is the room / in which / our family used to sit / in the evening

 

2.做題時(shí)要思路清晰,通?梢韵扰懦齼蓚(gè)選項(xiàng),這時(shí)也許對(duì)所剩的兩項(xiàng)感到“模棱兩可”,千萬不要盲選。必須根據(jù)語境及兩個(gè)選項(xiàng)的差別,較后準(zhǔn)確定出答案

People aren’t watching ___television as before

on Christmas Day because they use their videos.

A. too much      B. too many    C. as much     D.as many

先排除B和D,因television不可數(shù)。后面有as,故選C

 

3.對(duì)于“模棱四可”的題必須每個(gè)選項(xiàng)逐一排除,即使看完先進(jìn)項(xiàng)覺得正確,也必須把所有選項(xiàng)讀完,也許后面有更為準(zhǔn)確的用語

1) I don’t ___rock’s roll, it’s much too noisy for my taste.    。ǎ模

  A.go after    B.go away with   C.go into     D.go in for

2)___children believe they can succeed, they will never become totally confident.   

A. If    B. Since   C. Once   D. Unless           (D)

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