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【英語】高考英語單項選擇題精析

2007-09-03 22:18:04  來源:高考網(wǎng)

高考英語單項選擇題精析
  例1.--Is that the small town you often refer to? (2005福建卷)
  --Right,just the one____you know I used to work for years. 
  A.that   B.which C.where D.what 
  分析:答案是C。由語境和句子結構可知,you know為插入語,將其去掉更易看出the one是指the small town,因此該空應該填where引導定語從句。 
  例2 
  The managers discussed the plan that they would like to see______the next year.(NMET2000) 
  A.carried out  B.carrying out  C.carry out D.to carry out 
  分析:答案是A。本題考查結構see something done用于定語從句中,something為關系代詞that。 
  例3 
  ---Each of the students,working hard at his orher lessons,______to go to university.   (1998上海卷)
  ---So do I. 
  A.hope B.hopes  C.hoping   D.hoped 
  分析:答案是B。認真分析語境和句子結構,working hard at his orher lessons為插入語,如果將其去掉,不難發(fā)現(xiàn)該空應填謂語動詞形式hopes。 
  例4 
  The home improvements have taken what little there is______my spare time. (NMET2001)
  A.from   B.in   C.of   D.at 
   分析:答案是C。認真分析語境和句子結構可知,本題考查句型there is little of my spare time,但語序稍加變動為what引導的感嘆句做賓語,而優(yōu)先了little。"what little"表示"那么少"。 

  ■命題者為了考查考生由此及彼、由表及里、去粗取精、去偽存真的能力,往往在單項選擇題題干中設置多元結構,解題時一定要從多元成分中清理出題眼所考查的句子結構。 
  例5 
 Mom is coming.What present_________for your birthday? (2005福建卷)
  A.you expect you have got   B.you expect has she got 
  C.do you expect she has got   D.do you expect has she got 
   分析:答案是C。由語境和句子結構得知,后一句為帶插入語do you expect的特殊疑問句,插入語后面內(nèi)容應視為賓語從句且采用陳述語序。 
  例6 
  It is what you do rather than what you say______matters. 
  A.that   B.what   C.which   D.this 
  (2005天津卷) 
  分析:答案是A。由語境和句子結構可知,該句為強調(diào)句型,被強調(diào)部分是由rather than連接的并列主語從句擔當。 
  例7 
  The old couple have been married for 40 years and never once_____with each other.   (NMET2003) 
  A.they had quarreled B.they have quarreled
   C.have they quarreled D.had they quarreled
  分析:答案是C。認真分析題干結構可知,本題考查and引導的并列句,第二句分句由never引導,解題時可將先進個分句及and視為不存在,這樣整個句子就成為never開頭引導的倒裝句型。 
  例8 
  It is the ability to do the job ______matters,not where you come from or what you are.   (NMET2000) 
  A.one   B.that   C.what   D.it 
  分析:答案是B。認真分析句子結構和語境可知,本題主干為It is A (It is) not B"是而不是"。這是兩個并列的強調(diào)句。第二個強調(diào)句用的是省略結構,先進個強調(diào)句的被強調(diào)部分是空格所缺的詞語,原句為The ability to do the job matters(做這件事的能力很重要)。 

  ■不少單項選擇題考點為難度極小的簡單句,但命題者為了考查考生應變能力,往往將簡單句改為感嘆句、強調(diào)句或省略句,解題時應通過句型分析弄清題干的來龍去脈,還原簡單句其本來面目。 
  例9 
  _____role she played in the film!No wonder she has won an Oscar.  (2002春上海卷)
  A.How interesting   B.How an interesting 
  C.What interesting   D.What an interesting 
  分析:答案是D。本題的考點為簡單句She played an interesting role in the film.命題者將該句改為感嘆句。 
  例10 
  --What do you think made Mary so upset? 
  --____her new bicycle.   (1997上海卷) 
 A.As she lost   B.Lost   C.Losing   D.Because of losing 
  分析:答案是C。本題的考點為簡單句:--her new bicycle made her soupset.命題者將該句略為省略句,將made Mary so upset在答語中省略但在問句中體現(xiàn)。經(jīng)過分析不難發(fā)現(xiàn),該空格應填主語,應由動名詞擔當。 
  例11 
  It was only with the help of the local guide______. 
  A.was the mountain climber rescued 
  B.that the mountain climber was rescued 
  C.when the mountain climber was rescued 
  D.then the mountain climber was rescued 
  (2004春上海卷) 
  分析:答案是B。本題考點為簡單句The mountain climber was rescued only with the help of the local guide.命題者將該句改為強調(diào)句型,被強調(diào)的部分為介詞短語only with the help of the local guide。 

  ■不少單項選擇題題干結構和備選答案迷惑性強,他們以似曾相識的題干易使考生受思維定勢影響而迅速做出錯誤判斷。解題時應排除思維定勢干擾,仔細分析每個被自己排除的答案的理由,同時認真分析似曾相識的題干是否有什么變化并盡可能弄清來龍去脈,從而成功破題。 
  例12 
  The country life he was used to______greatly since 1992. 
  (2005山東卷) 
  A.change   B.has changed    C.changing  D.have changed
  分析:答案是B。分析語境和句子結構可知,he was used to為定語從句,修飾先行詞the country life。此空格應填謂語動詞。Since 1992為現(xiàn)在完成時的標志,因此該空格應填has changed?忌资躧e was used to的影響而誤選C。 
  例13 
  Mr.Reed made up his mind to devote all he had to______some schools for poor children. 
  A.setup   B.setting up   C.have set up  D.having set up
  分析:答案是B。考生可能會抓住"he had to"而選擇A,因為他們對had to do something的結構太熟悉了。其實,句中had to與set up并不構成搭配,因為he had為定語從句修飾先行詞all,setup與devote all … to構成搭配,即devote all to setting up(to為介詞),所以答案是B。 
  例14 
  --Who is Jerry cooper?   (NMET1997)
  --____?I saw you shaking hands with him at the meeting. 
  A.Don’t you meet him yet    B.Hadn’t you met him yet 
  C.Didn’t you meet him yet  D.Haven’t you met him yet
    分析:答案是D。讀完原句不難理解答語應用完成時態(tài)表示"你還沒有見過他嗎?"到底用現(xiàn)在完成時還是過去完成時?不少考生肯定會用標準對照時間點來區(qū)別,于是便從選項中找到"saw"并作為標準對照時間點來使用過去完成時,相對于過去某一時刻已經(jīng)完成的動作,其實該句為對話題,其標準對照時間點應為現(xiàn)在,因此該空應用現(xiàn)在完成時。 
  例15 
  As we joined the big crowd,I got_______from my friends.   (NMET2001) 
  A.separated   B.spared   C.lost   D.missed 
  分析:答案是A。不少考生可能抓住空格前面的got而選擇C,因為在他們的記憶中,能和get構成短語的只有get lost(迷路),如果將got改為was,選擇答案A的可能性大大增加,因為一方面它構成了正確的語法結構---被動語態(tài),另一方面,這樣選也符合語境:當我們加入人群時,我和我的朋友分開了。其實本題改變之處在于將be done換成了get done來構成被動語態(tài),這樣A,B,C,D四個選項從語法結構上都講得通,因為它們都構成了被動語態(tài),但結合語境只能選A,表示"加入人群后,我和朋友分開"。

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