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初中英語(yǔ)單詞詞匯匯知識(shí)點(diǎn)

2021-09-06 13:09:18  來(lái)源:百度文庫(kù)

 點(diǎn)擊領(lǐng)取_初中英語(yǔ)知識(shí)點(diǎn)專(zhuān)題匯總

初中英語(yǔ)單詞詞匯匯知識(shí)點(diǎn)!英語(yǔ)學(xué)不好是因?yàn)閼杏诒痴b。英語(yǔ)學(xué)習(xí)為什么強(qiáng)調(diào)背誦?因?yàn)楸痴b里面同時(shí)訓(xùn)練了“聽(tīng)、說(shuō)、讀、寫(xiě)”四項(xiàng)技能。背誦首先要朗讀,朗讀、背誦的東西多了,語(yǔ)言素材的積累也就增加了,因此寫(xiě)作、閱讀能力也就得到了提高。下面,小編為大家?guī)?lái)初中英語(yǔ)單詞詞匯匯知識(shí)點(diǎn)。   

  1. clothes, cloth, clothing

  clothes統(tǒng)指各種衣服,謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞永遠(yuǎn)是復(fù)數(shù), cloth指布,為不可數(shù)名詞 clothing 服裝的總稱(chēng),指一件衣服用a piece of, an article of

  2. incident, accident

  incident指小事件, accident指不幸的事故He was killed in the accident.

  3. amount, number

  amount后接不可數(shù)名詞, number后接可數(shù)名詞 a number of students

  4. family, house, home

  home 家,包括住處和家人,house房子,住宅,family家庭成員. My family is a happy one.

  5. sound, voice, noise

  sound自然界各種各樣的聲音,voice人的嗓音,noise噪音I hate the loud noise outside.

  6. photo, picture, drawing

  photo用照相機(jī)拍攝的照片,picture可指相片,圖片,電影片,drawing畫(huà)的畫(huà) Let's go and see a good picture.

  7. vocabulary, word

  vocabulary詞匯,一個(gè)人擁有的單詞量,word具體的單詞He has a large vocabulary.

  8. population, people

  population人口,人數(shù),people具體的人 China has a large population.

  9. weather, climate

  weather一天內(nèi)具體的天氣狀況,climate長(zhǎng)期的氣候狀況 The climate here is not good for you.

  10. road, street, path, way

  road具體的公路,馬路,street街道,path小路,小徑,way道路,途徑

  take this road; in the street, show me the way to the museum.

  11. course, subject

  course課程(可包括多門(mén)科目),subject科目(具體的學(xué)科)a summer course

  12. custom, habit

  custom傳統(tǒng)風(fēng)俗,習(xí)俗,也可指生活習(xí)慣,后接to do, habit生活習(xí)慣,習(xí)慣成自然,后接of doing. I've got the habit of drinking a lot.

  13. cause, reason

  cause 指造成某一事實(shí)或現(xiàn)象的直接原因,后接of sth./doing sth,reason用來(lái)解釋某種現(xiàn)象或結(jié)果的理由,后接for sth./doing sth. the reason for being late

  14. exercise, exercises, practice

  exercise運(yùn)動(dòng),鍛煉(不可數(shù)),exercises練習(xí)(可數(shù)),practice(反復(fù)做的)練習(xí) Practice makes perfect.

  15. class, lesson

  作"課"解時(shí),兩者可以替換.指課文用lesson. 指班級(jí)或全體學(xué)生用class. lesson 6; class 5

  16. speech, talk, lecture

  speech指在公共場(chǎng)所所做的經(jīng)過(guò)準(zhǔn)備的較正式的演說(shuō),talk日常生活中的一般的談話(huà),講話(huà),lecture學(xué)術(shù)性的演講,講課 a series of lecture on…

  17. officer, official

  officer部隊(duì)的軍官,official政府官員 an army officer

  18. work, job

  二者均指工作。work不可數(shù),job可數(shù) a good job

  19. couple, pair

  couple主要指人或動(dòng)物,pair多指由兩部分組成的東西 a pair of trousers

  20. country, nation, state, land

  country側(cè)重指版圖,疆域,nation指人民,國(guó)民,民族,state側(cè)重指政府,政體,land國(guó)土,國(guó)家 The whole nation was sad at the news.

  21. cook, cooker

  cook廚師,cooker廚具 He is a good cook.

  22. damage, damages

  damage不可數(shù)名詞, 損害,損失; damages復(fù)數(shù)形式, 賠償金 $900 damages

  23. police, policeman

  police警察的總稱(chēng),后接復(fù)數(shù)謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞,policeman 指某個(gè)具體的警察 The police are questioning everyone in the house.

  24. problem, question

  problem常和困難連系,前面的動(dòng)詞常為think about, solve, raise,question常和疑問(wèn)連系,多和ask, answer連用

  25. man, a man

  man人類(lèi),a man一個(gè)男人 Man will conquer nature.

  26. chick, chicken

  二者均可指小雞,chicken還可以當(dāng)雞肉 The chicken is delicious.

  27. telegram, telegraph

  當(dāng)電報(bào)解時(shí),telegram指具體的,telegraph指抽象的 a telegram, by telegraph

  28. trip, journey, travel, voyage

  travel是最常用的,trip指短期的旅途,journey指稍長(zhǎng)的旅途,voyage指海上航行 a three-day trip

  29. sport, game

  sport多指戶(hù)外的游戲或娛樂(lè)活動(dòng),如打球,游泳,打獵,賽馬等;game指決定勝負(fù)的游戲,通常有一套規(guī)則 His favorite sport is swimming.

  30. price, prize

  price價(jià)格,prize獎(jiǎng),獎(jiǎng)品,獎(jiǎng)金 win the first prize The price is high/low.

  31. a number of, the number of

  a number of許多,謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)。the number of…的數(shù)目,謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)。The number of students is increasing.

  32. in front of, in the front of

  in front of范圍外的前面,in the front of范圍內(nèi)的前面 In the front of the room sits a boy.

  33. of the day, of a day

  of the day每一天的,當(dāng)時(shí)的,當(dāng)代的, of a day暫時(shí)的,不長(zhǎng)久的 a famous scientist of the day

  34. three of us, the three of us

  three of us我們(不止三個(gè))中的三個(gè),the three of us我們?nèi)齻(gè)(就三個(gè)人)The three of us---Tom, Jack and I went to the cinema.

  35. by bus, on the bus

  by bus表手段,方式,不用冠詞,on the bus表范圍 They went there by bus.

  36. for a moment, for the moment

  for a moment 片刻,一會(huì)兒,for the moment暫時(shí),一時(shí) Thinking for a moment, he agreed.

  37. next year, the next year

  next year將來(lái)時(shí)間狀語(yǔ),the next year過(guò)去將來(lái)時(shí)間狀語(yǔ) He said he would go abroad the next year.

  38. more than a year, more than one year

  more than a year一年多,more than one year超過(guò)一年(兩年或三年等)

  39. take advice, take the(one's) advice

  take advice征求意見(jiàn),take the advice接受忠告 He refused to take the advice and failed again.

  40. take air, take the air

  take air傳播,走漏,take the air到戶(hù)外去,散步 We take the air every day.

  41. in a word, in words

  in a word總之,一句話(huà), in words口頭上 In a word, you are right.

  42. in place of, in the place of

  in place of代替,in the place of在…地方 A new building is built in the place of the old one.

  43. in secret, in the secret

  in secret秘密地,暗自地,偷偷地,一般用作狀語(yǔ);in the secret知道內(nèi)情,知道秘密,一般用作表語(yǔ) My mother was in the secret from the beginning.

  44. a girl, one girl

  a girl可泛指所有女孩, one girl一個(gè)女孩 Can one girl carry such a big box?

  45. take a chair, take the chair

  take a chair相當(dāng)于sit down坐下,take the chair開(kāi)始開(kāi)會(huì)

  46. go to sea, by sea, by the sea

  go to sea當(dāng)海員,出航,by sea乘船,由海路, by the sea在海邊 go by sea

  47. the doctor and teacher, the doctor and the teacher

  the doctor and teacher指一個(gè)人,既是醫(yī)生又是老師,the doctor and the teacher兩個(gè)人,一個(gè)醫(yī)生和一個(gè)老師 the doctor and teacher is

  48. in office, in the office

  in office在職的,in the office在辦公室里 He is in office, not out of office.

  49. in bed, on the bed

  in bed臥在床上,on the bed在床上 The book is on the bed. He is ill in bed.

  50. in charge of, in the charge of

  in charge of管理,負(fù)責(zé)照料, in the charge of由……照料 He is in charge of the matter. The matter is in the charge of her.

  51. in class, in the class

  in class在課上,in the class在班級(jí)里 He is the best student in the class.

  52. on fire, on the fire

  on fire著火,on the fire在火上 Put the food on the fire. The house is on fire.

  53. out of question, out of the question

  out of question毫無(wú)疑問(wèn)的,out of the question不可能的

  54. a second, the second

  a second又一,再一,the second第…… He won the second prize.

  55. by day, by the day

  by day白天,by the day按天計(jì)算 The workers are paid by the day.

  56. the people, a people

  the people指人,a people指民族 The Chinese is a peace-loving people.

  57. it, one

  it同一物體,one同類(lèi)不同一 I lost my pen. I have to buy a new one.

  58. that, this

  that指代上文所提到的,this導(dǎo)出下文所要說(shuō)的 I was ill. That's why…

  59. none, nothing, no one

  none強(qiáng)調(diào)有多少,nothing, no one強(qiáng)調(diào)有沒(méi)有,nothing指物,no one指人

  --- How many…/How much…? --- None.

  60. anyone, any one

  anyone指人,不能接of,any one指人物均可,可接of any one of you

  61. who, what

  who指姓名或關(guān)系,what指職業(yè)或地位 What is your dad? He is a teacher.

  62. what, which

  what的選擇基礎(chǔ)是無(wú)限制的,which在一定范圍內(nèi)進(jìn)行選擇 Which do you prefer, bananas or apples?

  63. other, another

  other后接名詞復(fù)數(shù),another后接名詞單數(shù) other students, another student

  64. not a little, not a bit

  not a little非常,not a bit一點(diǎn)也不 I'm not a bit tired. 我一點(diǎn)兒也不累。

  65. many, much, a lot of

  many和可數(shù)名詞連用,much和不可數(shù)名詞連用,a lot of可數(shù),不可數(shù)均可,但不用于否定句 I haven't many books.

  66. much more…than, many more…than

  much more…than后接形容詞或不可數(shù)名詞,many more…than后接可數(shù)名詞 many more people, much more water, much more beautiful

  67. no, not

  no=not a/any no friend=not a/any friend no water=not any water

  68. no more than, not more than

  no more than相當(dāng)于only,僅僅,只有,not more than 至多,不超過(guò)

  69. majority, most

  majority只能修飾可數(shù)名詞,most可數(shù)不可數(shù)均可 the majority of people

  70. by oneself, for oneself, to oneself, of oneself

  by oneself單獨(dú)的,獨(dú)自的,for oneself為自己,to oneself供自己用的,of oneself 自行的,自動(dòng)的 The door opened of itself.

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  71. at all, after all

  at all根本,全然, after all到底,畢竟 After all he is a child.

  72. tall, high

  tall常指人或動(dòng)物,high常指物體 He is tall.

  73. fast, quickly

  fast側(cè)重于指人或物體具有運(yùn)動(dòng)速度快的特點(diǎn),quickly側(cè)重指某事完成或發(fā)生的快 run fast, answer the question quickly

  74. high, highly

  high具體的高,highly抽象的高,高度的 think highly of

  75. healthy, healthful

  healthy健康的,健壯的,healthful有益于健康的 healthful exercise

  76. sleeping, asleep, sleepy

  sleeping正在睡覺(jué),asleep睡著,熟睡,只能做表語(yǔ),sleepy困的,有睡意的 a sleeping baby The baby is asleep. I'm sleepy.

  77. gold, golden

  gold指真金制品,golden指金色的,但金魚(yú)用gold fish a gold ring

  78. most, mostly

  most用于表感受的肯定句中,相當(dāng)于very,當(dāng)大部分,大多數(shù)解時(shí)是形容詞或名詞,mostly大部分,是副詞 most people, the people are mostly…

  79. just, very

  just表強(qiáng)調(diào)時(shí)是副詞,作狀語(yǔ),very表強(qiáng)調(diào)時(shí)是形容詞,用作定語(yǔ) the very man, just the man

  80. wide, broad

  wide側(cè)重于一邊到另一邊的距離,broad側(cè)重于幅面的寬廣broad shoulders

  81. real, true

  real真的,真實(shí)的,指的是事實(shí)上存在而不是想象的,true真的,真正的,指的是事實(shí)和實(shí)際情況相符合 real gold, a true story

  82. respectful, respectable

  respectful尊敬,有禮貌,respectable可敬的,值得尊敬的 be respectful to the aged

  83. outwards, outward

  二者均可用作副詞,表示向外,外面,outward還可用作形容詞 an outward voyage

  84. pleasant, pleased, pleasing

  pleasant常用作定語(yǔ),pleased, pleasing常用作表語(yǔ),pleased主語(yǔ)常為人,pleasing主語(yǔ)常為物 a pleasant trip The trip is pleasing.

  85. understanding, understandable

  understanding明白事理的,能體諒的,understandable 可理解的,能夠懂的 an understanding girl, an understandable mistake

  86. close, closely

  close接近,靠近,closely緊緊地,緊密地 closely connected, stand close

  87. ill, sick

  ill做表語(yǔ),sick定,表均可 a sick boy

  88. good, well

  good形容詞,well副詞,但指身體狀況是形容詞 He is well again.

  89. quiet, silent, still

  quiet安靜的,可以發(fā)出小的聲音,silent不發(fā)出聲音,但可以動(dòng),still完全不動(dòng),完全無(wú)聲響 He stand there still. 他站在那兒,一動(dòng)不動(dòng),也不說(shuō)話(huà)。

  90. hard, hardly

  hard努力,hardly幾乎不 work hard I can hardly believe it.

  91. able, capable

  able與不定式to do連用,capable與of連用 He is capable of doing…

  92. almost, nearly

  二者均為"幾乎,差不多" 和否定詞連用用almost almost nobody

  93. late, lately

  late遲,晚,lately最近,近來(lái) I haven't seen him lately.

  94. living, alive, live, lively

  living, alive, live均為活著的,living定表均可,alive定表均可,定語(yǔ)后置,live只能做定語(yǔ),lively意為活波的 all the living people=all the people alive

  95. excited, exciting

  excited使人興奮的,exciting令人興奮的 I'm excited. The news is exciting.

  96. deep, deeply

  deep具體的深,deeply抽象的深,深深地 deeply moved, dig deep

  97. aloud, loud

  aloud出聲地,loud大聲地 read aloud(出聲地讀)

  98. worth, worthy

  二者均為值得,worth后接doing,worthy后接to be done, of being done

  It is worth visiting. = It's worthy to be visited. = It's worthy of being visited.

  99. bad, badly

  bad形容詞,badly副詞,不好,但與need, want, require連用為"很,非常" go bad I need the book badly.

  100. before long, long before

  before long不久以后,long before很久以前 not long before = before long

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