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初中英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法大全:直接引語(yǔ)和間接引語(yǔ)

2016-09-16 09:09:28  來(lái)源:網(wǎng)絡(luò)整理


  
  語(yǔ)法要點(diǎn):直接引語(yǔ)和間接引語(yǔ)屬于賓語(yǔ)從句范疇。直接引述別人的原話(huà),叫直接引語(yǔ);用自己的話(huà)轉(zhuǎn)述別人的話(huà), 或引用自己說(shuō)過(guò)的話(huà),叫間接引語(yǔ)。由于時(shí)間、地點(diǎn)以及人物都有可能起變化,所以間接引語(yǔ)中的時(shí)態(tài)、人稱(chēng)、語(yǔ)序、指示代詞、時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)、地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)等要作相應(yīng)的變化。


  1. 直接引語(yǔ)和間接引語(yǔ)的轉(zhuǎn)換方法


  ① 間接引語(yǔ)語(yǔ)序改為陳述句語(yǔ)序


  陳述句用 that 引導(dǎo),口語(yǔ)中常省略 She said,例:


  “I am going to the cinema. ”


  → She said (that) she was going to the cinema.


 、 一般疑問(wèn)句


  用if/whether連接,例:


  “Have you ever travelled by plane?” she asked me.


  → She asked me if / whether I had travelled by plane.


  ③ 反意疑問(wèn)句


  用if/whether連接,例:


  He asked,“You are a doctor, aren’t you?”


  → He asked (me) if / whether I was a doctor.


 、 特殊疑問(wèn)句


  由原疑問(wèn)詞連接(如疑問(wèn)代詞是主語(yǔ),不要改變語(yǔ)序),例:


  He asked, “Who will come to help us?”


  → He asked who would come to help them.


  She said, “Where have you been, Simon?”


  → She asked Simon where he had been.


  ⑤ 選擇疑問(wèn)句


  由 whether…or 引導(dǎo),例:


  Eddie said, “Is this a TV set or a computer?”


  → Eddie asked (me) whether that was a TV set or a computer.


 、 祈使句


  用“tell /ask /order someone (not) to do something” 結(jié)構(gòu),將動(dòng)詞原形變?yōu)閯?dòng)詞不定式,例:


  “Put up your hands,” said the teacher.


  → The teacher told them to put up their hands.


  “Don’t play football on the street,” the policeman said.


  → The policeman ordered us not to play football on the street.


  2. 時(shí)態(tài)的變化


  如主句的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞是一般過(guò)去時(shí),直接引語(yǔ)變間接引語(yǔ)時(shí),從句的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞在時(shí)態(tài)上要作相應(yīng)變化:


  直接引語(yǔ) 間接引語(yǔ)


  一般現(xiàn)在時(shí) → 一般過(guò)去時(shí)


  現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí) → 過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)


  現(xiàn)在完成時(shí) → 過(guò)去完成時(shí)


  一般過(guò)去時(shí) → 過(guò)去完成時(shí)


  過(guò)去完成時(shí) → 過(guò)去完成時(shí)(不變)


  一般將來(lái)時(shí) → 過(guò)去將來(lái)時(shí)


  3. 指示代詞、時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)和地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ),直接引語(yǔ)變間接引語(yǔ)時(shí)的變化


 、 指示代詞


  this →that


  these → those


 、 時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)


  now → then


  today → that day


  tonight → that night


  this morning(week, month…) → that morning(week, month …)


  tomorrow → the next day


  next week(month…) → the next week(month …)


  yesterday → the day before


  last week(month…) → the week(month…) before


  three days(a year …) ago → three days(a year …) before


  ③ 地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ) here → there


 、 動(dòng)詞 come → go


  特別提示:以上變化要根據(jù)說(shuō)話(huà)的實(shí)際情況來(lái)定,不要機(jī)械地照搬。假如就在當(dāng)?shù)剞D(zhuǎn)述,here 就不必改為there;如果就在當(dāng)天轉(zhuǎn)述,yesterday,tomorrow 等時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)也不必改變。

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