【重點(diǎn)難點(diǎn)提示】
一、重點(diǎn)是：(1)
1 .被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的構(gòu)成：
助動(dòng)詞be + 及物動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去分詞。
助動(dòng)詞be有人稱(chēng)、數(shù)和時(shí)態(tài)的變化。
(1)一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)：
am(is ,are) + 動(dòng)詞過(guò)去分詞
Rice is grown in China .中國(guó)出產(chǎn)大米。
(2)一般過(guò)去時(shí)的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)：
Was(were) + 動(dòng)詞過(guò)去分詞
These photos were taken last year .這些照片是去年照的。
(3)含有情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)：
情態(tài)動(dòng)詞 + be + 動(dòng)詞過(guò)去分詞
This car can be mended in an hour .這輛小汽車(chē)一小時(shí)就能修好。
2 .主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)變被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的方法：
(1)把主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的賓語(yǔ)優(yōu)先變?yōu)楸粍?dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的主語(yǔ)。
(2)把主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞變?yōu)楸粍?dòng)結(jié)構(gòu)。但時(shí)態(tài)應(yīng)保持一致，但人稱(chēng)和數(shù)的形式取決于被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的主語(yǔ)。
(3)把主動(dòng)結(jié)構(gòu)的主語(yǔ)變?yōu)榻樵~by的賓語(yǔ)，組成介詞短語(yǔ)，有時(shí)可以省略。
二、難點(diǎn)是：(1)被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的用法(即何時(shí)用被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài))。(2)主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)變被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的方法(怎樣變)。
三、考點(diǎn)是：(1)一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。(2)一般過(guò)去時(shí)的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。(3)含有情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。(4)將主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的句子變?yōu)楸粍?dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。有關(guān)動(dòng)詞的語(yǔ)態(tài)在歷年各地中功課中約占3分左右。
【經(jīng)典范例引路】
例1 I think Ezhou-Huanggang Bridge up in 2003 .
A .builds B .is built C .can build D .can be built
(2001年黃岡市中功課)
簡(jiǎn)析：此題是考查含有情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。根據(jù)賓語(yǔ)從句中主語(yǔ)Ezhou-Huanggang Bridge與謂語(yǔ)build up之間的關(guān)系，可以看出主語(yǔ)是動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)build up的承受者，要用被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。且根據(jù)說(shuō)話(huà)人的語(yǔ)氣，只是一種推斷，表示有可能，因此要用情態(tài)動(dòng)詞can。故答案為D。
例2 Do you know bananas in Hainan ?
A .grows B .is grown C .grew D .are grown
(2001年甘肅省中功課)
簡(jiǎn)析：此題是考查一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。根據(jù)句意此句所填部分應(yīng)用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)，并且根據(jù)賓語(yǔ)從句中主語(yǔ)bananas與謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞grow之間的關(guān)系，可以看出主語(yǔ)bananas是謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞grow的承受者，因此要用被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。且賓語(yǔ)從句的主語(yǔ)bananas為復(fù)數(shù)。故答案為D。
例3 No one knows how the huge rocks and without our modern machines eight hundred years ago .
A .are cut ,moved B .were cut ,move
C .are cut ,moving D .were cut ,moved
(2001年廣州市中功課)
簡(jiǎn)析：此題是考查一般過(guò)去時(shí)的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。在賓語(yǔ)從句中有表示過(guò)去的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)eight hundred years ago，表明賓語(yǔ)從句中的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞要用一般過(guò)去時(shí)。根據(jù)主語(yǔ)the huge rocks與謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞cut和move之間的關(guān)系，表明主語(yǔ)是謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的承受者，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞要用被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)，且cut和move為并列謂語(yǔ)，后一個(gè)謂語(yǔ)應(yīng)省去助動(dòng)詞be。且主語(yǔ)the huge rocks為復(fù)數(shù)。故答案為D。
例4 Li Lei mended the bike .(改為同義句)
The bike by Li Lei .
(2001年遼寧省中功課)
簡(jiǎn)析：此題是考查將一般過(guò)去時(shí)主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的句子變?yōu)楸粍?dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。原句是主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞為一般過(guò)去時(shí)，被動(dòng)句中的主語(yǔ)是第三人稱(chēng)單數(shù)the bike，其答案應(yīng)為was mended。
例5 Ken is often heard to apologize to his teacher .(改為主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài))
We often Ken to his teacher .
(2001年深圳市中功課)
簡(jiǎn)析：此題是考查一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的句子變?yōu)橹鲃?dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。被動(dòng)句是一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)，主動(dòng)句中的主語(yǔ)是先進(jìn)人稱(chēng)復(fù)數(shù)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞要用動(dòng)詞原形。并且動(dòng)詞hear在被動(dòng)結(jié)構(gòu)中后面要接帶to的動(dòng)詞不定式，但它在主動(dòng)結(jié)構(gòu)中常接不帶to的動(dòng)詞不定式。故答案為hear ,apologize。
【同步達(dá)綱訓(xùn)練】
Ⅰ .單項(xiàng)選擇(選自各地中功課)
( )1 .The medicine in a dry and cool place .(2000年重慶市中功課)
A .keep B .must keep C .must be kept D .must be keep
( )2 .A talk on Chinese history in the school hall next week . (2000年天津市中功課)
A .is given B .has been given
C .will be given D .will give
( )3 .Today ,the forests have almost gone .People must down too many trees . (2001年安徽省中功課)
A .stop to out B .stop from cutting
C .be stopped to cut D . be stopped from cutting
( )4 .About 500 cars in the factory next month . (2001年遼寧省中功課)
A .were produced B .will produce
C .have been produced D .will be produced
( )5 .The key for locking the classroom door . (2001年廣西省中功課)
A .uses B .is used C .is using D .use
( )6 .A new school over there in two years . (2001年四川省中功課)
A .may build B .may be built C .is built
( )7 .The man who lived alone on that island thought he never .
A .will ,find B .would ,be found C .is ,found D .had ,been found
( )8 .Computers are very useful .For example ,they can sending e-mail .(電子郵件) (2001年蘇州市中功課)
A .use for B .be used of C .be used for D .use of
( )9 .—What a nice garden !
—It 年武漢市中功課) every day . (2000
A .is cleaning B .has cleaned C .must clean D .is cleaned
( )10 .This work next week . (2000年廣西省中功課)
A .may finish B .finish C .finishes D .may be finished
( )11 .My house in 1995 .We have lived there for nearly five years . (2000年廣西省中功課)
A .was build B .has built C .is built D .were built
( )12 .The lost boy early this morning . (2000年四川省中功課)
A .found B .was founded C .was found D .founded
( )13 .That white building two years ago ,but it is quite old now . (2000年河北省中功課)
A .built B .was built C .is built D .builds
( )14 .The big tree by my mother ten years ago .(2000年甘肅省中功課)
A .was planted B .planted C .has planted D .was planting
【綜合能力訓(xùn)練】
Ⅱ .用括號(hào)中動(dòng)詞被動(dòng)結(jié)構(gòu)的適當(dāng)形式填空。
1 .English widely (use) in the world .
2 .These pictures must (keep) well .
3 .She (fall) ill last night ,and she (take) to the hospital at once .
4 .Now rice and wheat (grow) in my hometown ,too .Look !The crops__________(grow) fast in the fields .
5 .The Great Wall (know) all over the world .
6 . the street lights usually (turn) on at seven in summer evening ?
7 . this kind of car (produce) in Wuhan ?
8 . the doctor (send) for last night ?
9 .We used a teapot before the thermos (invent) .
10 .Three children (take) good care of by the nurse .
11 .Some new houses (build) by the villagers themselves .
12 .What language (speak) in Japan ?
13 .The black bike (buy) in that shop three days ago .
14 .The doctor said Jim must (operate) on at once .
15 .The big tree (blow) down in the storm last night .
【創(chuàng)新準(zhǔn)備訓(xùn)練】
Ⅲ .將下列主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)改為被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。
1 .You needn’t do it now .
2 .You must finish your homework now .
3 .We can do the work today .
4 .She had done the work by the end of last month .
5 .The writer has written many stories for that magazine(雜志) .
6 .He was doing his homework at this time yesterday .
7 .My brother is reading the book now .
8 .They founded that hospital in 1996 .
9 .Yesterday we played football after school .
10 .People all over the world know the Great Wall .
11 .He often helps his brother .
12 .Do you learn Unit 8 ?
13 .Does Li Lei do his homework at home ?
14 .Did Miss Gao speak English yesterday ?
15 .When did Mike visit China ?
16 .Why do you tell her the thing ?
參考答案
【同步達(dá)綱訓(xùn)練】
Ⅰ .1—5 CCDDB 6—10 BBCDD 11—14 ACBA
【綜合能力訓(xùn)練】
Ⅱ .1 .is ,used 2 .be kept 3 .fell ,was taken 4 .are grown is growing 5 .is known 6 .Are ,turned 7 .Is ,produced 8 .Was ,sent 9 .was invented 10 .are taken 11 .were built 12 .is spoken 13 .was bought 14 .be operated 15 .was blown
【創(chuàng)新準(zhǔn)備訓(xùn)練】
Ⅲ .1 .It needn’t be done now . 2 .Your homework must be finished now . 3 .The work can be done by us today . 4 .The work had been done by her by the end of last month . 5 .Many stories have been written by the writer for that magazine . 6 .His homework was being done by him at this time yesterday 7 .The book is being read by my brother now 8 .That hospital was founded by them in 1996 . 9 .Yesterday a football was played by as after school . 10 .The Great Wall is known all over the world . 11 .His brother is often helped by him . 12 .Is Unit 8 learned by you ? 13 .Is Li Lei’s homework done by himself at home ? 14 .Was English spoken by Miss Gao yesterday ? 15 .When was China visited by Mike ? 16 .Why is the thing told to him by you ?(Why is she told the thing by you ?)
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