初三英語總復(fù)習(xí)之書面表達(dá)小結(jié)

　　一、英語寫作基本常識

　　1、寫好句子：

　　1) 熟悉并掌握形成完整句子的基本框架結(jié)構(gòu)。我們知道，單詞、語法是學(xué)習(xí)、掌握和運(yùn)用語言的基礎(chǔ)，然而只靠它們拼湊句子是遠(yuǎn)遠(yuǎn)不夠的，耗時費(fèi)力不說，拼湊出來的也多是漢語式的英語，很不地道。因此，平時必須牢記所學(xué)過的“固定搭配”及“詞組句型”，并會活用。寫句子要注意以下幾點(diǎn)：(1)主謂要一致;(2)正確使用動詞的時態(tài)、語態(tài)、語氣;(3)名詞的格要與代詞的格一致;(4)句子結(jié)構(gòu)成分完整，特別注意不要漏掉或添加成分。

　　2)一個句子一個重心，句意清楚，合乎邏輯。

　　3)句子開頭首字母要大字，句末要使用正確的英語標(biāo)點(diǎn)符號。

　　2、組句成文：

　　一般說來，文章可以通過句子的進(jìn)展和句子之間的各種結(jié)合來構(gòu)成。

　　1)熟悉并掌握表示并列、遞進(jìn)、轉(zhuǎn)折等關(guān)系的過渡詞(transitional words)。例如：

　　并列關(guān)系：and, as well as, also…

　　遞進(jìn)關(guān)系：besides, in addition, moreover, what’s more…

　　轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系：but, yet, however, although, otherwise, or, in spite of, despite, instead of, in the end…

　　時間順序：while, when, soon after, before, afterward, finally, first, then, next, as soon as …

　　比較、對比：like, unlike, on the contrary, on the other hand…

　　總結(jié)： in a word, in general, in short, above all, after all, generally speaking…

　　進(jìn)一步闡述：in other words, that is to say, for example, for instance, such as …

　　因果關(guān)系：as a result, so, thus, therefore…

　　2) 明確表達(dá)文章主題，內(nèi)容要點(diǎn)全面，不要節(jié)外生枝。

　　3) 要點(diǎn)安排得當(dāng)，使之文通字順，合乎邏輯,層次清晰。

　　4) 注意養(yǎng)成寫完后自我檢查的習(xí)慣，應(yīng)重點(diǎn)檢查：

　　a, 要點(diǎn)有無遺漏; b. 句法、詞法有沒有問題; c. 單詞拼寫有無錯誤; d. 大小寫、標(biāo)點(diǎn)符號有無問題; e. 字?jǐn)?shù)是否在題目要求范圍之內(nèi)。

　　二、英語寫作得分指要

　　1.句式要有變化

　�、� 復(fù)雜句、并列句：

　�、� 倒裝句：(1)虛擬語氣中if省略;(2)only+狀語置于句首(3)否定詞置于句首(4)地點(diǎn)副詞置于句首

　　③ 強(qiáng)調(diào)句型：It is ……that (who)…

　�、� 非謂語動詞：

　　⑤ 虛擬語氣：

　�、� 固定句型結(jié)構(gòu)：too…to…so…that… such a…that…not only…but also… neither…nor… such as… not …until… so that…either…or…

　�、咧苯右�語與間接引語

　　⑧多種時態(tài)，動名詞、不定式，并列結(jié)構(gòu)

　　2.要使用***等級詞匯及短語

　�、� 使用***等級詞匯 ② 使用短語 ③ 使用諺語 ④ 使用表強(qiáng)調(diào)的詞，如alone, just, single, only, not…at all; on the earth; the very; on earth等

　�、� 使用修辭手法:明喻， 暗喻，夸張，頭韻，擬人等：as busy as a bee; as proud as a peacock; as blind as a bat.

　　3. 使用連接詞，過渡自然，連貫通順，一氣呵成。

　　1) 用于按空間展開的段落之中的連接詞和過渡詞有：

　　above before me here on the left across below in the distance on the right

　　beyond nearby opposite to over also further next to on top of up down close to beneath under around near to along

　　2) 用于按時間順序展開的段落之中的連接詞和過渡詞有：

　　soon, then, suddenly, at the same time, next, early,

　　this morning /year, now, after, at present, later, afterwards finally,at last, all of a sudden , at noon ,

　　in the morning/afternoon/evening

　　3) 用于按分析法展開的段落之中的連接詞和過渡詞有：

　　first, second, etc. now for this purpose but as a result furthermore

　　finally at last moreover also therefore likewise another

　　for example next yet 、 for instance on the contrary once in addition in summary such in this case on the other hand then

　　otherwise in conclusion thus in closing

　　4) 用于按比較法展開的段落之中的連接詞和過渡詞有：

　　another moreover in addition (to)

　　equally important too, also at the same time

　　besides then in the same way

　　in fact like, similarly

　　5) 用于按對比法展開的段落之中的連接詞和過渡詞有：

　　on the contrary different from on the other hand in contrast to despite in spite of yet, but unlike nevertheless not only…but also here…there this…that years ago…today the former…the latter then…now the first…whereas the second some…others one…the other once…now on the one hand…on the other hand(一方面…另一方面)

　　6)邏輯關(guān)系：

　　遞進(jìn): then(然后)， besides(還有)， furthermore(而且)， moreover(此外)

　　轉(zhuǎn)折: however(然而)， but(但是)， on the country(相反)， after all(畢竟)

　　總結(jié): finally(較后)， at last(較后)， in brief(總之)，

　　in conclusion(較后)。強(qiáng)調(diào): indeed(確實(shí))， certainly(一定)， surely(確定)， above all(尤其)。對比: in the same way(同樣地)，

　　just as(正如)， on the one hand…on the other hand

　　三、書面表達(dá)常用句型及短語

　　1、學(xué)校生活及學(xué)習(xí)成績

　　I’m getting on well with one’s study

　　take several courses at school have English (Chinese, Physics…) every (other )day work hard at …

　　put one’s heart into…be interested in …be fond of like chemistry best be tired of … be good at …; be poor at …; do well in …; be weak in …make progress in …; improve oneself in …; fail in … pass the examination; give sb. a passing grade; He has the best record in school. 他的成績較棒。get a doctor’s degree 獲得博士學(xué)位 (English is) more interesting to sb. learn about; succeed in…; be active in class (work); take an active part in …; learn… by heart; work out a (maths) problem;

　　get 90 marks for (English); get an “A” in the exam; have a good command of…lay a good foundation in (language study) won the first prize/ got the first place in the competition the first/top three winners(前三名)

　　2、師生關(guān)系：

　　get on well with sb; like to be with students;be gentle with us; be kind to sb;

　　be a strict teacher; be strict with one’s pupils; be strict in work be satisfied with …We think of him (her) as …; help sb with sth; praise sb for sth …blame sb for sth. give advice on …; question sb on …correct the students’ homework carefully and prepare for the next day; give sb a lot of work; try to teach sb good study habits; make one’s lessons lively and interesting;

　　teach sb. sth.; teach sb to do sth. devote all one’s time to work;

　　admire (sb.for) his devotion to the cause of education 佩服他對于教育事業(yè)的獻(xiàn)身精神。

　　3、課余活動及周末生活：

　　spend one’s time in many different ways; enjoy doing things by oneself; go swimming;

　　go for an outing/ a picnic; have an outing at (the seashore); see the sights of Beijing; play the piano (violin); play chess (basketball); have a swim; have dances on weekends; have a picnic over the weekend; go to the cinema; have a party; hold a sports meeting; do some reading; help sb do sth; enjoy a family trip; get everything ready for; ride one’s bike with sb.to(the park); There are a lot of activities at (the beach). We enjoy a change from our busy life in the city. She would like to bring sth. to the picnic. It was a very relaxing Sunday.There are good programmes on TV on weekends.

　　Enjoy myself/ourselves; have a wonderful time

　　4、彼此溝通信息：

　　take a message for sb; send a message to sb; hear from sb; talk about/of sth; tell/ask sb to do sth; get information about…; express one’s idea (feelings) in English; Write sb a letter saying…apologize to sb for …; make a speech t at the meeting; thank you for …; explain sth to sb; look upon sb as …think sb to be …; take sb’s side

　　5、事件中人的態(tài)度：

　　would like to do; allow sb to do; force sb to do; call on sb to do; feel like doing; insist on doing;

　　drive sb. off; speak highly of sb; speak ill of sb; think highly of sb; be afraid to do (be afraid of …); offer to do; refuse to do; agree to do ,be afraid to do (be afraid of …); offer to do, refuse to do;

　　agree to do; prefer to do A rather than do B; had better do/ not do ; regret doing; would rather (not) do.

　　keep sb from doing prevent/stop sb. (from) doing);

　　6、事情過程:

　　have the habit of doing…; have no trouble doing; make up one’s mind to do; prepare sb/oneself for …; give up doing…; do sth as usual; sb is prepared for/to dodo what he wants us to do; set about doing;/set out to do try/do one’s best to do…=go all out to do; get into trouble; help sb out; do one’s bit for the country ; do some good deeds to people; wait for sb to do; find a way to do; make friends with sb; show (tell) sb. how to do…; take (send) sb to …; pass the time doing; feel a little excited about doing…; can’t help doing…; be prepared for more hard work;

　　Some are (doing sth.A), others are (doing sth.B), and still others are doing (sth C)

　　7、感觀活動與思維活動:

　　look around for …; look up (down) at …; catch sight of …;take a look at …; hear sb do (doing); take notice of …; take view of …; have a good understanding of …;

　　consider sb (sth) to be …; come to know…;realize that …; know
 

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